From 5d414a8b60c907307d501bd6ee65c7a8a2f8c587 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kyle K Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2013 09:46:37 -0600 Subject: initial ioctl --- main.c | 65 +++++ main.h | 21 ++ usconst.txt | 865 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 951 insertions(+) create mode 100644 usconst.txt diff --git a/main.c b/main.c index 579a621..6983725 100644 --- a/main.c +++ b/main.c @@ -282,6 +282,70 @@ static ssize_t hello_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buff, size_t co return ret; } +/* + * The ioctl() implementation + */ +long hello_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) +{ + int err = 0; + int retval = 0; + + /* + * Extract the type and number bitfields, and don't decode + * wrong cmds: return ENOTTY (inappropriate ioctl) before access_ok() + */ + if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != HELLO_IOCTL_BASE) + return -ENOTTY; + + if (_IOC_NR(cmd) > HELLO_IOCTL_MAXNR) + return -ENOTTY; + + /* + * The direction is a bitmask, and VERIFY_WRITE catches R/W + * transfers. `Type' is user-oriented, while + * access_ok is kernel-oriented, so the concept of "read" and + * "write" is reversed + */ + if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ) + err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void __user *) arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd)); + else if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE) + err = !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *) arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd)); + if (err) + return -EFAULT; + + switch (cmd) { + case HELLO_IOCTL_RESET: + hello_node_chunk_sz = HELLO_NODE_CHUNK_SIZE; + break; + + case HELLO_IOCTL_SCHUNK: + if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) + return -EPERM; + retval = __get_user(hello_node_chunk_sz, (int __user *) arg); + break; + + case HELLO_IOCTL_TCHUNK: + if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) + return -EPERM; + hello_node_chunk_sz = arg; + break; + + case HELLO_IOCTL_GCHUNK: + if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) + return -EPERM; + retval = __put_user(hello_node_chunk_sz, (int __user *) arg); + break; + + case HELLO_IOCTL_QCHUNK: + return hello_node_chunk_sz; + + default: /* redundant, as cmd was checked against MAXNR */ + return -ENOTTY; + } + + return retval; +} + /* * There's a count in filp that gets incremented every time our char device gets * opened, but note that this function does not get called multiple times, @@ -318,6 +382,7 @@ struct file_operations hello_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = hello_read, .write = hello_write, + .unlocked_ioctl = hello_ioctl, .open = hello_open, .release = hello_release }; diff --git a/main.h b/main.h index e2727db..ecc20b6 100644 --- a/main.h +++ b/main.h @@ -55,5 +55,26 @@ struct hello_dev { /* function prototypes */ int hello_debugfs(void); +/* + * Ioctl definitions + */ + +/* Use 'x' as magic number */ +#define HELLO_IOCTL_BASE 'x' + +#define HELLO_IO(nr) _IO(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr) +#define HELLO_IOR(nr, type) _IOR(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type) +#define HELLO_IOW(nr, type) _IOW(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type) +#define HELLO_IOWR(nr, type) _IOWR(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type) + +#define HELLO_IOCTL_RESET HELLO_IO(0x00) + +#define HELLO_IOCTL_SCHUNK HELLO_IOW(0x01, int) /* write to kernel */ +#define HELLO_IOCTL_TCHUNK HELLO_IO(0x02) +#define HELLO_IOCTL_GCHUNK HELLO_IOR(0x03, int) /* write to user */ +#define HELLO_IOCTL_QCHUNK HELLO_IO(0x04) + +#define HELLO_IOCTL_MAXNR 4 + #endif diff --git a/usconst.txt b/usconst.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93be714 --- /dev/null +++ b/usconst.txt @@ -0,0 +1,865 @@ +We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, +establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common +defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to +ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the +United States of America. + +Article 1. + +Section 1 +All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the +United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. + +Section 2 +The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second +Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall +have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of +the State Legislature. + +No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of +twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who +shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be +chosen. + +Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States +which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, +which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, +including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not +taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. + +The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting +of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten +Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of +Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State +shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be +made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, +Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut +five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland +six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five and Georgia three. + +When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive +Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. + +The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and +shall have the sole Power of Impeachment. + +Section 3 +The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each +State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall +have one Vote. + +Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, +they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the +Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second +Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the +third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be +chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, +during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may +make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which +shall then fill such Vacancies. + +No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty +Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, +when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. + +The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but +shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided. + +The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, +in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of +President of the United States. + +The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for +that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the +United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be +convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present. + +Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from +Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or +Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be +liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to +Law. + +Section 4 +The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and +Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; +but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except +as to the Place of Choosing Senators. + +The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall +be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a +different Day. + +Section 5 +Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of +its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do +Business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be +authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and +under such Penalties as each House may provide. + +Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for +disorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member. + +Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time +publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require +Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question +shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. + +Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of +the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that +in which the two Houses shall be sitting. + +Section 6 +The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their +Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United +States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the +Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of +their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for +any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other +Place. + +No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, +be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which +shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased +during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, +shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. + + +Section 7 +All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; +but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. + +Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, +shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United +States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his +Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the +Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after +such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it +shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it +shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it +shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be +determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and +against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If +any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays +excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, +in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment +prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law. + +Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and +House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) +shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same +shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall +be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according +to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. + + +Section 8 +The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and +Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general +Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be +uniform throughout the United States; + +To borrow money on the credit of the United States; + +To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and +with the Indian Tribes; + +To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject +of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; + +To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the +Standard of Weights and Measures; + +To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin +of the United States; + +To establish Post Offices and Post Roads; + +To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited +Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings +and Discoveries; + +To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; + +To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and +Offenses against the Law of Nations; + +To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning +Captures on Land and Water; + +To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be +for a longer Term than two Years; + +To provide and maintain a Navy; + +To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; + +To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, +suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; + +To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for +governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United +States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, +and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline +prescribed by Congress; + +To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District +(not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and +the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United +States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent +of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of +Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And + +To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into +Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this +Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or +Officer thereof. + +Section 9 +The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing +shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to +the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed +on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person. + +The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when +in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. + +No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed. + +No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the +Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken. + +No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. + +No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the +Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, +one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. + +No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations +made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and +Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time. + +No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person +holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of +the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind +whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State. + +Section 10 +No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters +of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but +gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, +ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any +Title of Nobility. + +No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties +on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing +its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by +any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the +United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control +of the Congress. + +No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep +Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact +with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually +invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay. + +Article 2. + +Section 1 +The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of +America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together +with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: + +Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, +a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives +to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or +Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United +States, shall be appointed an Elector. + +The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two +persons, of whom one at least shall not lie an Inhabitant of the same State +with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and +of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and +transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to +the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence +of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the +Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes +shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of +Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and +have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall +immediately choose by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a +Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like +Manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the Votes shall be +taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum +for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the +States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In +every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest +Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there +should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall choose from +them by Ballot the Vice-President. + +The Congress may determine the Time of choosing the Electors, and the Day on +which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the +United States. + +No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at +the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office +of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not +have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen Years a +Resident within the United States. + +In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, +Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said +Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by +Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of +the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as +President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be +removed, or a President shall be elected. + +The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, +which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he +shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other +Emolument from the United States, or any of them. + +Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following +Oath or Affirmation: + +"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of +President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, +protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." + +Section 2 +The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United +States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual +Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the +principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject +relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to +Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in +Cases of Impeachment. + +He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make +Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall +nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint +Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, +and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein +otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress +may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think +proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of +Departments. + +The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during +the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End +of their next Session. + +Section 3 +He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the +Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge +necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both +Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with +Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he +shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he +shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all +the Officers of the United States. + +Section 4 +The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, +shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, +Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. + +Article 3. + +Section 1 +The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, +and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and +establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold +their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for +their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their +Continuance in Office. + +Section 2 +The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under +this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which +shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other +public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and maritime +Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to +Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of +another State; between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the +same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a +State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. + +In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and +those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original +Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall +have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and +under such Regulations as the Congress shall make. + +The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and +such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been +committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such +Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. + +Section 3 +Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against +them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person +shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the +same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. + +The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no +Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except +during the Life of the Person attainted. + +Article 4. + +Section 1 +Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, +and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general +Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be +proved, and the Effect thereof. + +Section 2 +The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities +of Citizens in the several States. + +A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall +flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the +executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be +removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. + +No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, +escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, +be discharged from such Service or Labour, But shall be delivered up on Claim +of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. + +Section 3 +New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States +shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any +State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, +without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of +the Congress. + +The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and +Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United +States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice +any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. + +Section 4 +The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican +Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on +Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature +cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. + +Article 5. + +The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall +propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the +Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for +proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and +Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of +three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths +thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the +Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One +thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and +fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, +without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. + +Article 6. + +All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this +Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this +Constitution, as under the Confederation. + +This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in +Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the +Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the +Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or +Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. + +The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the +several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of +the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or +Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be +required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United +States. + +Article 7. + +The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the +Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. + +Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the +Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred +and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the +Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names. + +George Washington - President and deputy from Virginia + +New Hampshire - John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman + +Massachusetts - Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King + +Connecticut - William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman + +New York - Alexander Hamilton + +New Jersey - William Livingston, David Brearley, William Paterson, Jonathan +Dayton + +Pennsylvania - Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, +Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouvernour Morris + +Delaware - George Read, Gunning Bedford Jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, +Jacob Broom + +Maryland - James McHenry, Daniel of St Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll + +Virginia - John Blair, James Madison Jr. + +North Carolina - William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson + +South Carolina - John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, +Pierce Butler + +Georgia - William Few, Abraham Baldwin + +Attest: William Jackson, Secretary + + +Amendment 1 +Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or +prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or +of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition +the Government for a redress of grievances. + +Amendment 2 +A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the +right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. + +Amendment 3 +No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the +consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by +law. + +Amendment 4 +The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and +effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and +no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or +affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the +persons or things to be seized. + +Amendment 5 +No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, +unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising +in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time +of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense +to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any +criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, +liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be +taken for public use, without just compensation. + +Amendment 6 +In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and +public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime +shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously +ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the +accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory +process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of +Counsel for his defence. + +Amendment 7 +In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty +dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a +jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than +according to the rules of the common law. + +Amendment 8 +Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel +and unusual punishments inflicted. + +Amendment 9 +The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed +to deny or disparage others retained by the people. + +Amendment 10 +The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor +prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to +the people. + +Amendment 11 +The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any +suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States +by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. + +Amendment 12 +The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for +President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant +of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person +voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as +Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as +President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of +votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to +the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of +the Senate; + +The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of +Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; + +The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the +President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors +appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having +the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as +President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, +the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by +states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this +purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and +a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House +of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice +shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then +the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other +constitutional disability of the President. + +The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the +Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors +appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers +on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the +purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a +majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person +constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to +that of Vice-President of the United States. + +Amendment 13 +1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime +whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United +States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. + +2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate +legislation. + +Amendment 14 +1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the +jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State +wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge +the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any +State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of +law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the +laws. + +2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to +their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, +excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the +choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, +Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or +the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male +inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the +United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, +or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the +proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole +number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. + +3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of +President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the +United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a +member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of +any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to +support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in +insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the +enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove +such disability. + +4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, +including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in +suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the +United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred +in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for +the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and +claims shall be held illegal and void. + +5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the +provisions of this article. + +Amendment 15 +1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or +abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or +previous condition of servitude. + +2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate +legislation. + +Amendment 16 +The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from +whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and +without regard to any census or enumeration. + +Amendment 17 +The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each +State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall +have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications +requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. + +When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the +executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such +vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the +executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the +vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. + +This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of +any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. + +Amendment 18 +1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, +or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, +or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to +the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited. + +2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce +this article by appropriate legislation. + +3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an +amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as +provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the +submission hereof to the States by the Congress. + +Amendment 19 +The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or +abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. + +Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. + +Amendment 20 +1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th +day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d +day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this +article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then +begin. + +2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting +shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint +a different day. + +3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the +President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become +President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for +the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to +qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President +shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein +neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, +declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to +act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President +or Vice President shall have qualified. + +4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the +persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever +the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the +death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President +whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. + +5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the +ratification of this article. + +6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an +amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the +several States within seven years from the date of its submission. + +Amendment 21 +1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States +is hereby repealed. + +2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession +of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in +violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited. + +3. The article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an +amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided +in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof +to the States by the Congress. + +Amendment 22 +1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, +and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for +more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President +shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this +Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President, when this +Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may +be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term +within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of +President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. + +2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an +amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the +several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States +by the Congress. + +Amendment 23 +1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall +appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of +President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and +Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were +a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in +addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for +the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors +appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such +duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. + +2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate +legislation. + +Amendment 24 +1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other +election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or +Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be +denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to +pay any poll tax or other tax. + +2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate +legislation. + +Amendment 25 +1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or +resignation, the Vice President shall become President. + +2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the +President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon +confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress. + +3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate +and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he +is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he +transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties +shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President. + +4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers +of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law +provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of +the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is +unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President +shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting +President. + +Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the +Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration +that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office +unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of +the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, +transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the +Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the +President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon +Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty eight hours for that +purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty one days after +receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, +within twenty one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by +two thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the +powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge +the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers +and duties of his office. + +Amendment 26 +1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or +older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any +State on account of age. + +2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate +legislation. + +Amendment 27 +No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and +Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall +have intervened. -- cgit v1.2.3