initial ioctlHEADmaster

3 files changed, 951 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
index 579a621..6983725 100644
--- a/main.c
+++ b/main.c
@@ -283,6 +283,70 @@ static ssize_t hello_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buff, size_t co
 }
 
 /*
+ * The ioctl() implementation
+ */
+long hello_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	int retval = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Extract the type and number bitfields, and don't decode
+	 * wrong cmds: return ENOTTY (inappropriate ioctl) before access_ok()
+	 */
+	if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != HELLO_IOCTL_BASE)
+        return -ENOTTY;
+
+	if (_IOC_NR(cmd) > HELLO_IOCTL_MAXNR)
+        return -ENOTTY;
+
+	/*
+	 * The direction is a bitmask, and VERIFY_WRITE catches R/W
+	 * transfers. `Type' is user-oriented, while
+	 * access_ok is kernel-oriented, so the concept of "read" and
+	 * "write" is reversed
+	 */
+	if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
+		err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void __user *) arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
+	else if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
+		err =  !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void __user *) arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
+	if (err)
+        return -EFAULT;
+
+    switch (cmd) {
+    case HELLO_IOCTL_RESET:
+        hello_node_chunk_sz = HELLO_NODE_CHUNK_SIZE;
+        break;
+
+    case HELLO_IOCTL_SCHUNK:
+		if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+			return -EPERM;
+        retval = __get_user(hello_node_chunk_sz, (int __user *) arg);
+        break;
+
+    case HELLO_IOCTL_TCHUNK:
+		if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+			return -EPERM;
+        hello_node_chunk_sz = arg;
+        break;
+
+    case HELLO_IOCTL_GCHUNK:
+		if (!capable (CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+			return -EPERM;
+        retval = __put_user(hello_node_chunk_sz, (int __user *) arg);
+        break;
+
+    case HELLO_IOCTL_QCHUNK:
+        return hello_node_chunk_sz;
+
+    default: /* redundant, as cmd was checked against MAXNR */
+        return -ENOTTY;
+    }
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
+/*
  * There's a count in filp that gets incremented every time our char device gets
  * opened, but note that this function does not get called multiple times,
  * instead copies are made, think fork(), or just simple ptr?
@@ -318,6 +382,7 @@ struct file_operations hello_fops = {
     .owner = THIS_MODULE,
     .read = hello_read,
     .write = hello_write,
+	.unlocked_ioctl = hello_ioctl,
     .open = hello_open,
     .release = hello_release
 };
diff --git a/main.h b/main.h
index e2727db..ecc20b6 100644
--- a/main.h
+++ b/main.h
@@ -55,5 +55,26 @@ struct hello_dev {
 /* function prototypes */
 int hello_debugfs(void);
 
+/*
+ * Ioctl definitions
+ */
+
+/* Use 'x' as magic number */
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_BASE 'x'
+
+#define HELLO_IO(nr)         _IO(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr)
+#define HELLO_IOR(nr, type)  _IOR(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type)
+#define HELLO_IOW(nr, type)  _IOW(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type)
+#define HELLO_IOWR(nr, type) _IOWR(HELLO_IOCTL_BASE, nr, type)
+
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_RESET    HELLO_IO(0x00)
+
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_SCHUNK   HELLO_IOW(0x01, int) /* write to kernel */
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_TCHUNK   HELLO_IO(0x02)
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_GCHUNK   HELLO_IOR(0x03, int) /* write to user */
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_QCHUNK   HELLO_IO(0x04)
+
+#define HELLO_IOCTL_MAXNR    4
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/usconst.txt b/usconst.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93be714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usconst.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union,
+establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
+defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
+ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
+United States of America.
+
+Article 1.
+
+Section 1
+All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the
+United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
+
+Section 2
+The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second
+Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall
+have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of
+the State Legislature.
+
+No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of
+twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who
+shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be
+chosen.
+
+Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States
+which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers,
+which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons,
+including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not
+taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.
+
+The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting
+of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten
+Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of
+Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State
+shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be
+made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three,
+Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut
+five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland
+six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five and Georgia three.
+
+When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive
+Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
+
+The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers; and
+shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.
+
+Section 3
+The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
+State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall
+have one Vote.
+
+Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election,
+they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the
+Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second
+Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the
+third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be
+chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise,
+during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may
+make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which
+shall then fill such Vacancies.
+
+No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty
+Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not,
+when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
+
+The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but
+shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
+
+The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore,
+in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of
+President of the United States.
+
+The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for
+that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the
+United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be
+convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
+
+Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from
+Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or
+Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be
+liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to
+Law.
+
+Section 4
+The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and
+Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;
+but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except
+as to the Place of Choosing Senators.
+
+The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall
+be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a
+different Day.
+
+Section 5
+Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of
+its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do
+Business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be
+authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and
+under such Penalties as each House may provide.
+
+Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for
+disorderly Behavior, and, with the Concurrence of two-thirds, expel a Member.
+
+Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time
+publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require
+Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question
+shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.
+
+Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of
+the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that
+in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
+
+Section 6
+The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their
+Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United
+States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the
+Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of
+their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for
+any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other
+Place.
+
+No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected,
+be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which
+shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased
+during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States,
+shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
+
+
+Section 7
+All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives;
+but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
+
+Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate,
+shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United
+States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his
+Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the
+Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after
+such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it
+shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it
+shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it
+shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be
+determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and
+against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If
+any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays
+excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law,
+in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment
+prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
+
+Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and
+House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment)
+shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same
+shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall
+be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according
+to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
+
+
+Section 8
+The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and
+Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general
+Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be
+uniform throughout the United States;
+
+To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
+
+To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and
+with the Indian Tribes;
+
+To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject
+of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;
+
+To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the
+Standard of Weights and Measures;
+
+To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin
+of the United States;
+
+To establish Post Offices and Post Roads;
+
+To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited
+Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings
+and Discoveries;
+
+To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;
+
+To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and
+Offenses against the Law of Nations;
+
+To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning
+Captures on Land and Water;
+
+To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be
+for a longer Term than two Years;
+
+To provide and maintain a Navy;
+
+To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;
+
+To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union,
+suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
+
+To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for
+governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United
+States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,
+and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline
+prescribed by Congress;
+
+To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District
+(not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and
+the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United
+States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent
+of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of
+Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; And
+
+To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
+Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this
+Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or
+Officer thereof.
+
+Section 9
+The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing
+shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to
+the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed
+on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.
+
+The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when
+in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.
+
+No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
+
+No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the
+Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.
+
+No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
+
+No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the
+Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from,
+one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
+
+No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations
+made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and
+Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.
+
+No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person
+holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of
+the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind
+whatever, from any King, Prince or foreign State.
+
+Section 10
+No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters
+of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but
+gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder,
+ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any
+Title of Nobility.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties
+on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing
+its inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by
+any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the
+United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Control
+of the Congress.
+
+No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any duty of Tonnage, keep
+Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact
+with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually
+invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.
+
+Article 2.
+
+Section 1
+The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of
+America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together
+with the Vice-President chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows:
+
+Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct,
+a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives
+to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or
+Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United
+States, shall be appointed an Elector.
+
+The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two
+persons, of whom one at least shall not lie an Inhabitant of the same State
+with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and
+of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and
+transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to
+the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence
+of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the
+Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes
+shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of
+Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and
+have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall
+immediately choose by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a
+Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like
+Manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the Votes shall be
+taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum
+for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two-thirds of the
+States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In
+every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest
+Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there
+should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall choose from
+them by Ballot the Vice-President.
+
+The Congress may determine the Time of choosing the Electors, and the Day on
+which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the
+United States.
+
+No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at
+the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office
+of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not
+have attained to the Age of thirty-five Years, and been fourteen Years a
+Resident within the United States.
+
+In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death,
+Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said
+Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by
+Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of
+the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as
+President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be
+removed, or a President shall be elected.
+
+The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation,
+which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he
+shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other
+Emolument from the United States, or any of them.
+
+Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following
+Oath or Affirmation:
+
+"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of
+President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve,
+protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
+
+Section 2
+The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United
+States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual
+Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the
+principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject
+relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to
+Grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in
+Cases of Impeachment.
+
+He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make
+Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall
+nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint
+Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court,
+and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein
+otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress
+may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think
+proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of
+Departments.
+
+The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during
+the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End
+of their next Session.
+
+Section 3
+He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the
+Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge
+necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both
+Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with
+Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he
+shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he
+shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all
+the Officers of the United States.
+
+Section 4
+The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States,
+shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason,
+Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
+
+Article 3.
+
+Section 1
+The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court,
+and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and
+establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold
+their Offices during good Behavior, and shall, at stated Times, receive for
+their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their
+Continuance in Office.
+
+Section 2
+The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under
+this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which
+shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other
+public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and maritime
+Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to
+Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of
+another State; between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the
+same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a
+State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
+
+In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and
+those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original
+Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall
+have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and
+under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
+
+The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and
+such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
+committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such
+Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.
+
+Section 3
+Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against
+them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person
+shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the
+same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
+
+The Congress shall have power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no
+Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except
+during the Life of the Person attainted.
+
+Article 4.
+
+Section 1
+Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records,
+and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general
+Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be
+proved, and the Effect thereof.
+
+Section 2
+The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities
+of Citizens in the several States.
+
+A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall
+flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the
+executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be
+removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
+
+No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof,
+escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein,
+be discharged from such Service or Labour, But shall be delivered up on Claim
+of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.
+
+Section 3
+New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States
+shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any
+State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States,
+without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of
+the Congress.
+
+The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and
+Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United
+States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice
+any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.
+
+Section 4
+The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican
+Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on
+Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature
+cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
+
+Article 5.
+
+The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall
+propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the
+Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for
+proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and
+Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of
+three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths
+thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the
+Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One
+thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and
+fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State,
+without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
+
+Article 6.
+
+All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this
+Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this
+Constitution, as under the Confederation.
+
+This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
+Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
+Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
+Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or
+Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
+
+The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the
+several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of
+the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or
+Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be
+required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United
+States.
+
+Article 7.
+
+The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the
+Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.
+
+Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the
+Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred
+and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the
+Twelfth. In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names.
+
+George Washington - President and deputy from Virginia
+
+New Hampshire - John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman
+
+Massachusetts - Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King
+
+Connecticut - William Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman
+
+New York - Alexander Hamilton
+
+New Jersey - William Livingston, David Brearley, William Paterson, Jonathan
+Dayton
+
+Pennsylvania - Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer,
+Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouvernour Morris
+
+Delaware - George Read, Gunning Bedford Jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett,
+Jacob Broom
+
+Maryland - James McHenry, Daniel of St Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll
+
+Virginia - John Blair, James Madison Jr.
+
+North Carolina - William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson
+
+South Carolina - John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney,
+Pierce Butler
+
+Georgia - William Few, Abraham Baldwin
+
+Attest: William Jackson, Secretary
+
+
+Amendment 1
+Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
+prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or
+of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
+the Government for a redress of grievances.
+
+Amendment 2
+A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the
+right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
+
+Amendment 3
+No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the
+consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by
+law.
+
+Amendment 4
+The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
+effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and
+no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
+affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
+persons or things to be seized.
+
+Amendment 5
+No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime,
+unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising
+in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time
+of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense
+to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
+criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life,
+liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be
+taken for public use, without just compensation.
+
+Amendment 6
+In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
+public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime
+shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously
+ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the
+accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory
+process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of
+Counsel for his defence.
+
+Amendment 7
+In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
+dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a
+jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than
+according to the rules of the common law.
+
+Amendment 8
+Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel
+and unusual punishments inflicted.
+
+Amendment 9
+The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed
+to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
+
+Amendment 10
+The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor
+prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to
+the people.
+
+Amendment 11
+The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any
+suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States
+by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.
+
+Amendment 12
+The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for
+President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant
+of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
+voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as
+Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as
+President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President and of the number of
+votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to
+the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of
+the Senate;
+
+The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
+Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;
+
+The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be the
+President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors
+appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having
+the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as
+President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot,
+the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by
+states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this
+purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and
+a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House
+of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice
+shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then
+the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other
+constitutional disability of the President.
+
+The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the
+Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors
+appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers
+on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the
+purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a
+majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person
+constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to
+that of Vice-President of the United States.
+
+Amendment 13
+1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
+whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
+States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
+
+2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
+legislation.
+
+Amendment 14
+1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the
+jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State
+wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge
+the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
+State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of
+law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
+laws.
+
+2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to
+their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State,
+excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
+choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States,
+Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or
+the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male
+inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the
+United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion,
+or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the
+proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole
+number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
+
+3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of
+President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the
+United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a
+member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of
+any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to
+support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
+insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the
+enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove
+such disability.
+
+4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law,
+including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in
+suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the
+United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred
+in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for
+the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and
+claims shall be held illegal and void.
+
+5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the
+provisions of this article.
+
+Amendment 15
+1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
+abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or
+previous condition of servitude.
+
+2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
+legislation.
+
+Amendment 16
+The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
+whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and
+without regard to any census or enumeration.
+
+Amendment 17
+The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
+State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall
+have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualificati